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How does a pressure balanced expansion joint work?

pressure balanced expansion joint is really a combination of several types. Its purpose is to retain and balance the pressure thrust so that main anchoring of the pipe or adjacent equipment is not required, and forces and movements on attachment flanges of delicate equipment, such as turbines, are kept to acceptably low levels. However, the pressure-balanced elbow is usually required because axial deflections are also present. In order to accept these movements, a bellows is added beyond the elbow with the same cross-sectional area as the ones in the universal section.

This balancing bellows is connected by the tie rods to the pipe beyond the universal section; in this way, the pressure thrust is contained as tension in the tie rods. The section of the expansion joint between the tie rods, which includes the elbow, is now free to move axially, with the only resistance being a function of the spring rates of the bellows. Because of their arrangement, however, the spring rate of the entire expansion joint is the sum of the spring rates of the balancing and the universal bellows. This is a constant volume system, in that when the universal end compresses, the balancing end extends the same amount. All of the lateral deflection is absorbed by the universal end, and there is no lateral deflection imposed on the balancing end. Therefore, the balancing bellows is almost always a single bellows type.

60" Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint with Turning Vanes for a Power Plant in Washington
60″ Pressure Balanced Expansion Joint with Turning Vanes for a Power Plant in Washington

 

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Where should we use carbon steel expansion joints?

We typically only use carbon steel material for the bellows rectangular expansion joints which are installed in duct systems. Round expansion joints don’t typically have carbon steel bellows, however for both round and rectangular expansion joints, the flanges, pipe, and hardware may be carbon steel.

115542a1
Metallic Expansion Joint with Carbon Steel Flanges
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What is expansion joint ply?

Ply refers to the number of sheet metal thicknesses used in the forming of the bellows. Therefore, a 2-ply bellows would be composed of two sheets of metal.

101519a2
48″ Tied Universal Expansion Joint with Two-ply Bellows
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